Historic SS United States to become world's largest artificial reef off Florida

The SS United States will be intentionally sunk into the Gulf of Mexico on Thursday, November 12, to form the largest artificial reef in the world. The operation is taking place in waters near Destin, Florida, where the vessel will serve as a permanent structure for marine life and tourism.

Alex Fogg, the natural resources chief for Okaloosa County, Florida, stated that the ship's size and history make it a unique addition to the region's reef projects. The vessel was constructed in the early 1950s and operated on transatlantic routes for several years. It was retired in the late 1960s as air travel became more efficient. During its active years, the ship carried notable passengers and was designed to function as a troop carrier if needed.

The ship spent decades docked in Philadelphia before being towed to Mobile, Alabama. Fogg explained that the tow required extensive coordination with naval architects and the U.S. Coast Guard to ensure the vessel was seaworthy. In Mobile, the ship underwent full remediation to prepare it for its new role under the water.

Okaloosa County officials identified the SS United States as a prime candidate for their artificial reef program. Fogg noted that divers often prefer wreck sites over natural reefs or sandbars, and the ship's deployment helps establish the area as a destination for wreck diving. The county had previously planned to sink other vessels, but the SS United States offered a larger scale and a more compelling historical narrative.

A nonprofit conservation group filed a lawsuit last week to stop the sinking, citing concerns about environmental impact and harm to marine organisms. Fogg acknowledged the ship's passionate following but argued that no viable funding existed to restore the vessel as a museum or return it to service. He said the county is saving the ship by giving it a second life as a reef, a process that meets all federal and state regulatory standards for cleaning and placement.

Fogg, who is also a diver, described the experience of exploring such structures as unique and engaging. He emphasized that every dive reveals different species and growth patterns. The community can watch the sinking event live online on November 12.